A good administrator must possess the following qualities
1: Honesty 2: Trustworthiness 3: Fulfillment of promises
4: Justice and fairness 5: Constant steps 6: Pure ideals 7: A good knowledge of the rights of the subjects.
The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was not only distinguished by all these qualities, but he had reached the highest level of each quality.
Although he (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) faced difficulties in his life in Mecca, yet we see him (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) here as an excellent administrator.
Some glimpses of the good management of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) during that period
1: The early years of his call, in which Muslims were subjected to a lot of violence (such as Hazrat Bilal Habashi (may Allah be pleased with him), Hazrat Ammar bin Yasir (may Allah be pleased with him), Hazrat Suhaib Rumi (may Allah be pleased with him), etc. At the instigation of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him), the philanthropists tried their best to free these people from oppression and tyranny and bought and freed those who were slaves. It seems that he already had his eyes on the oppressed and downtrodden class.
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2: Secondly, with the intention of uniting hearts, he encouraged the disbelievers and strangers to give charity and zakat, so that they would be impressed by the good behavior of the Muslims and enter the circle of Islam.
3: Thirdly, the Prophet (peace be upon him) emphasized the need for Muslims to get an education, so the house of Hazrat Zaid bin Arqam (may Allah be pleased with him) was proposed as a madrasa for this purpose, and it was the duty of those who were educated here to go home and teach the religion of Islam to those who could not come here. Through the efforts of these students of the Prophet (peace be upon him), people like Sayyiduna Umar bin Al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), Sayyiduna Abdur Rahman bin Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna Uthman Ghani Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) entered the fold of Islam.
4: Seeing the helplessness of the Muslims, the Prophet (peace be upon him) encouraged the Muslims to leave their homeland so that perhaps the conditions would suit them and they could get out of the clutches of the infidels and live a free life. Therefore, on the encouragement of the Prophet (peace be upon him), twelve men and four women migrated to Abyssinia in the fifth year of Prophethood, Rajab, in the month of Rajab.
Thus they were saved from the oppression of the infidels and those who could not go to Abyssinia, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was very concerned about them. They urgently needed a place where they could practice their religion freely, for which he (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) thought of seeking help from the people of Taif,
but this eternal happiness was written in the destiny of the people of Medina. In the tenth year of the Prophethood, the acceptance of Islam by two Madinan chiefs, Asad bin Zurarah (may Allah be pleased with them) and Dhakwan bin Abd Qais (may Allah be pleased with them), proved to be a pleasant breeze for the believers.
At the insistence of the people of Medina, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) ordered the Muslims to migrate to Medina two years later and in the thirteenth year he himself went to Medina. Thus, Islam and Muslims were blessed with double the progress day and quadrupled at night, but behind this progress we see a mind whose cleverness transformed the way the Arabs dressed, slept, woke up, got up and sat down, peace and war, and even the way they thought and spoke.
At the time of the Prophet’s (peace be upon him) mission
At the time of the Prophet’s (peace be upon him) mission, there were about 86 tribes living in Arabia. His (peace be upon him) primary objective was to reach them with the call to Islam, but for this, it was first necessary to do something that would attract them to Islam. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) took the following steps for this: Immediately after arriving in Medina, he considered it necessary to make an agreement with the tribes living around the city and make peace between them.
Therefore, he gathered the Aws, Khazraj and Jews and wrote a pact whose main purpose was peace and mutual assistance. He also laid the foundation of a constitution that had 47 provisions. Implementing these provisions was equivalent to bringing a lion’s yoke, but the Prophet (peace be upon him) subdued this difficult fortress. To make the Bedouins of Arabia subject to the law, the Prophet (peace be upon him) adopted an excellent method and that was to build character, because until the members of the society are united and virtuous, neither can any law develop nor can peace be established.
Therefore, the Prophet (peace be upon him) paid attention to building the character and personality of the individual, so when taking the oath of allegiance, he must take a promise of purity and virtuous character. Also, the Prophet (peace be upon him) established a bond of brotherhood between the Muhajirin and the Ansar, which not only increased the love between them, but also established their economy. Those who knew nothing but fighting, making love and composing poetry became familiar with civilization. Deadly enemies became figures of selflessness and love. The candles of knowledge were lit among the ignorant and illiterate people.
Those who were always breathing the breath of idols became devotees of monotheism. The time began to envy the law-abiding people accustomed to lawlessness. The arrogant became the embodiment of humility and modesty, and camel herders began to teach the lessons of kingship.
It is an established fact that the pace of development of states that are not strong in defense is very slow, so the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) paid special attention to the defense of the state of Medina and adopted such war policies that the enemy had to eat his fill every time, for example, in Badr and Uhud, he fought wars outside the city and in the Battle of Ahzab, he stayed inside the city and fought wars in such a way that the enemy missed the target. He also adopted a system of providing information and creating divisions in the enemy that even today, great generals are surprised by it.
As a general, about 88 wars were fought under the command of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). It is the miracle of the good management of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) that the Muslims suffered so little in these eighty-eight wars that the mind is not ready to accept it, that is, a total of 259 Muslims and 1018 infidels were killed, while 6564 infidels were taken prisoner. In contrast, if we look at the first brick of modern Westernization, that is, the First World War, we see that 10 million people were killed in it.
Economy and trade during the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
Economy and trade are the backbone of any state. The more prosperous the people are, the more freely they will be able to practice their religion, traditions, civilization and culture. Below is a look at the economy and trade during the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). The following are the sources of wealth for any state: booty, tribute, jizya, fay, trade, cultivation, revenue, donations and alms and zakat, etc.
Illegal tax
He (peace be upon him) neither imposed any illegal tax on anyone nor did he snatch the wealth of the nobles and distribute it among the poor, as if he had established neither capitalism nor socialism, but rather established a system that not only brought peace to the poor, but also provided relief to the nobles. He (peace be upon him) gave the concept of Zakat, Sadaqat and Ushr and then organized this system in such a way that he fixed a rate for the one who gives Zakat and for the one who receives it.
He made every Muslim shares in the booty and used the Jizya, Kharaj and Malfe for the good of the state. He also appointed market supervisors to solve commercial problems. Interestingly, during this time, he (peace be upon him) did not leave a single piece of land as an inheritance, let alone build any property for his own family or tribe. There is a lesson in this for those who, after being granted a kingdom for a few days, make their children free from earning for many generations.
Shura system
He (peace be upon him) preferred the Shura system instead of the democratic or royal system. If we study the period of the Prophet (peace be upon him), we find that he (peace be upon him) divided the civil system into two parts: the central and the provincial system.
At the center, he (peace be upon him) was able to act as the governor of the state, but whenever there was a need to travel, he would appoint one or the other of his deputies, among whom are Hazrat Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), Hazrat Saad bin Ubadah (may Allah be pleased with him), Hazrat Saad bin Muadh (may Allah be pleased with him) and Hazrat Abdullah bin Umm Maktum (may Allah be pleased with him).
Secretaries of the Prophet (peace be upon him)
The number of secretaries of the Prophet (peace be upon him) is 42, according to Burhan Halabi (may Allah be pleased with him). And the number of ambassadors is 38, the number of commissioners is 14, and the number of poets is in the hundreds, among whom the names of Sayyiduna Hassan bin Thabit (RA) and Sayyiduna Ka’b bin Zuhair (RA) are more famous.
The Prophet (PBUH) had appointed around 38 governors
During the reign of the Prophet (PBUH), the Islamic state expanded more towards the north. Was this his strategy or was it a natural thing because the governments of Rome and Iran were on that side. It included provinces like Azd, Yemen, Hadramaut and Hamadan, over which at different times the Prophet (PBUH) had appointed around 38 governors, to whom he (PBUH) had given wide powers while remaining within the scope of the Quran and Sunnah. When appointing Hazrat Mu’adh bin Jabal (RA) as the governor of Yemen, he advised him: “When making decisions, keep in mind the Quran and Sunnah and your own ijtihad.”
Local administrators
Along with this, he appointed around 25 local administrators, 12 Naqibs (family heads) and 8 Qadis in the province, who were completely independent in making decisions.
Religious teachers
Religious reforms were also necessary for the education and training of new Muslims. For this purpose, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) had appointed a few of his companions and wives as teachers, including muftis, imams of mosques, and muezzins. He also appointed Attab bin Usaid, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr Siddique, and Sayyiduna Ali al-Murtada (may Allah be pleased with him) for Hajj matters.
Crimes decreased
The Prophet (peace be upon him) laid down principles for both the people and the workers to eliminate crimes. He said to the people: “Keep your workers happy with their actions, because the just Imam will be in the shade of Allah Almighty on the Day of Judgment.” While he said to the workers: “Avoid the evil supplication of the oppressed, because nothing is forbidden in their supplication and acceptance.”
The result was that the level of crimes decreased to an astonishing extent, so that during the reign of the Prophet (peace be upon him), only 27 cases of qisas occurred. 18 cases of hudud, 2 cases of qadf, 7 cases of li’an, 2 cases of zihar, 8 cases of alcohol, 15 cases of theft and only 10 cases of divorce occurred.
Comprehensive sermon
The Prophet (peace be upon him) delivered a comprehensive sermon for his followers on the occasion of the Farewell Pilgrimage, which is still a beacon of light today, as it was 1,446 years ago.
Foundations of social life
The Prophet (peace be upon him) knew that the foundations of social life are three
: 1: life, 2: property and 3: honor. Their adoption can eliminate disputes. Therefore, the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “All the customs of ignorance are under my feet… O people! Your blood, your wealth, your honor deserve the same respect and sanctity until the Day of Judgment as you sanctify this day (Hajj), this month (Zul-Hijjah) and this city (Makkah). “
Monsieur Ogilvy says
Seeing this good system of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), Western thinkers and orientalists are compelled to applaud it. Thus,
“When we consider the system in which the Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him) raised the knowledge of his prophethood and mission and in which such a complete set of laws has been prepared which is sufficient for the civil, religious and cultural guidance of the world, we are very surprised how such a great civil and cultural system, which is based on perfect and true freedom, has been established. Therefore, we sincerely confess that Islam is a set of laws which is better in every respect.”
Raymond Lerouge writes
“The Prophet of Arabia (peace be upon him) is the founder of this social and international revolution, the traces of which are not found in history before. He laid the foundation of a government that was to spread throughout the planet and in which no law except justice and kindness was to be practiced. His teaching was the equality of all men, mutual cooperation and universal brotherhood. ’’
The founder of the revolution, France Rousseau, writes:
“Hazrat Muhammad (peace be upon him) was a man of sound mind and a high-ranking political strategist. The political system he established was very magnificent. ’’
Our Prophet (peace be upon him) is capable of making the world understand his message and accept the system he gave, so that the corruption that spreads in the countries will die its own death. Today the world is as thirsty for this system as it was fourteen and a half hundred years ago.
