A Glimpse into the 63-Year Life of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)
Birth and Upbringing
Imam al-Anbiyaa The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was born as an orphan about fifty days after the Elephant Incident, according to popular belief, on Monday, 12/Rabi’ al-Awwal, corresponding to 20/April 571 AH in the spring
His grandfather Abdul Muttalib named him Muhammad and his mother named him Ahmad after receiving the good news from an angel in a dream. His mother Hazrat Amina breastfed him for three days, after which Thuwaybah, the slave of his uncle Abu Lahab, breastfed him for a few days, then Hazrat Halimah Sa’diya (may Allah be pleased with her) breastfed him until he was two years old, when he was weaned. His mother died when he was six years old and when he was eight years old, his grandfather Abdul Muttalib also passed away.
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Journey to Syria and Meeting Bahira Rahab
At the age of twelve years and two months, the Prophet (peace be upon him) made his first journey to Syria for the purpose of trade, accompanied by his uncle Abu Talib. On the way, after meeting a great Jewish scholar, Buhaira Rahab, Abu Talib sent him back to Mecca.
At the age of fifteen years and seven months, the Prophet (peace be upon him) took part in the war between his tribe, the Quraysh, and another tribe, the Qais. However, he did not raise his hand against anyone in this war.
After this war, some tribes of Arabia, fed up with these wars, made an agreement that in the future they would rise above tribal hatred and only help the oppressed. This agreement is called the “Halaf al-Fadul”. The Prophet (peace be upon him) liked it and participated in it. At that time, the Prophet (peace be upon him) was fifteen years and eight months old. At the age of 23, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) took Hazrat Khadija’s goods to Syria for the purpose of trade and returned after making a good profit.
Marriage with Hazrat Khadija and Children
When he was 30 years old, his eldest daughter, Hazrat Zainab (RA), was born to him. She was married to her cousin Abu al-Aas (RA) in Mecca in front of Hazrat Khadija (RA). When he was 33 years old, his second daughter, Hazrat Ruqayyah (RA), was born. She was married to Hazrat Uthman (RA) in Mecca.
His third daughter was Hazrat Umm Kulthum (RA), whom the Prophet (PBUH) married to Hazrat Uthman (RA) in Medina in 3 AH after the death of Hazrat Ruqayyah (RA). After receiving the prophet hood, when he was 41 years old, his fourth daughter, Hazrat Fatima (RA), was born. They were married in Medina after the Battle of Badr in Dhul-Hijjah 3 AH. His third son, Hazrat Ibrahim (RA), was born in Medina from the womb of Hazrat Maria (RA). He died in 10 AH at the age of seventeen months.
At the age of about 33, the mysteries of the unseen began to appear to him. At the age of 35, he installed the Black Stone with his own hands during the reconstruction of the Kaaba along with all the selected people of the tribes.
The Appearance of Prophethood
On 9/Rabi’ul-Awwal, corresponding to 14/February 610, when the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was forty years and one day old, Allah Almighty formally bestowed upon him the mantle of Prophet hood. In the first year of the Prophetic mission (the period beginning after the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) received the Prophet hood, prayers were made obligatory. On the eighteenth of Ramadan, when he was forty years, six months and six days old, the Holy Quran began to be revealed to him.
The Beginning of Propagation and Difficulties
After three months, upon receiving the news that the people of Mecca had accepted Islam, some of them returned to Mecca. Upon reaching there, it was discovered that this news was false.) In the sixth year of the Prophethood, Hazrat Hamza (may Allah be pleased with him) and Hazrat Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) also embraced Islam .
So people began to openly embrace Islam. Fearing the increasing glory of Islam, the infidels of Mecca wrote a treaty to completely boycott the family of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) of Banu Hashim and Banu Abdul Muttalib and hung it in the Kaaba. Thus, in the seventh year of the Prophethood, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was confined in a gorge called Sha’b Abi Talib along with all his relatives and companions
. In these difficult circumstances, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) once again asked his companions (may Allah be pleased with him) to migrate to the land of Abyssinia, including eighty-three men and twelve women. After three years, this severe siege was lifted. When the Prophet (peace be upon him) was about 49 years and seven months old, his uncle Abu Talib died in the month of Shawwal, and just three days later, Hazrat Khadija (may Allah be pleased with her) also died; that is why he called this year the Year of Sorrow.
The Journey of the Ascension
On the twenty-seventh night of the month of Rajab in the same year, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) set out on the journey of the Ascension and during this journey, all five prayers were made obligatory. When Allah Almighty decreed the spread of Islam in Medina, some men from the tribe of Owais met the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in Mecca and two of them, Asaad bin Zardah (may Allah be pleased with him) and Dhakwan bin Abd Qais (may Allah be pleased with him), embraced Islam.
In the eleventh year of the Prophet’s mission, some other men came from Medina and met the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and about eight of them became Muslims.In the twelfth year of the Prophet’s mission, when he was 52 years old, in the month of Dhul-Hijjah, about twelve people from Medina swore allegiance to him near Jamra al-Aqaba, which is known as the First Pledge of Aqaba
The following year, when he was fifty-three years old, in the month of Dhul-Hijjah, a large caravan from Medina arrived in Mecca, including seventy men and two women. The Prophet met them at midnight near Jamra al-Aqaba. At that time, his uncle, Hazrat Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him), who had not yet converted to Islam, was also with him. Hazrat Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) addressed these people from Medina and said: This is my nephew who has always been respected and protected by his people. You want to take him to Medina.
If you can take responsibility for their protection from their opponents, then it is fine, otherwise let them remain in your tribe. The leader of this Madani Qafilah said, “We take responsibility for the protection of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). O Messenger of Allah, extend your blessed hand so that we may take the oath of allegiance.” He (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) extended his hand and all these people were honored with the Prophet’s oath of allegiance. This oath is called the Second Oath of Aqaba.
Migration to Madina
Then in the same year, on the twenty-seventh night of the month of Safar, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) left Mecca, accompanied by Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (may Allah be pleased with him) and set out for the Cave of Thawr. After staying in the cave for three nights, on Monday, the first of Rabi’ al-Awwal, 1 AH (the period that began with the Prophet’s (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) migration to Medina, when he was about fifty-two years, eleven months and nineteen days old, he set out for Medina.
After a seven-day journey, on Monday, the 8th of Rabi’ al-Awwal, 1 AH, corresponding to September 23, 622, he reached the Quba region of Medina and laid the foundation of the Quba Mosque there. On Friday, 12th Rabi’ al-Awwal, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) rode from Quba to the houses of Bani Salim, and it was time for Friday prayer. Here, he led the first Friday prayer of Islam with about a hundred people.After finishing Friday prayer, he left for the house of Hazrat Abu Ayyub Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) which is now the Prophet’s Mosque. His camel stopped here and he stayed there permanently.
Construction of Mosque, Madrasah and Rooms for the Holy Wives
After settling in Medina, in the month of Rabi’ al-Awwal, he first built the Prophet’s Mosque and houses for his holy wives, Hazrat Sawdah (may Allah be pleased with her) and Hazrat Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her). When the construction of the Prophet’s Mosque was almost complete, he (peace be upon him) called the Ansar and established brotherhood between the 45 Muhajirin who had migrated from Mecca and the Ansar of Medina, calling one Ansar and one Muhajirin, saying that this and you are brothers.
Then in the same year, he established the first Madrasah of Islam, Suffa. Suffa is called the canopy, this canopy was built on one side of the Prophet’s Mosque, adjacent to the mosque. The companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him) who used to listen to Hadiths from him throughout the day, would rest here at night.
In the same year, he prepared a manifesto in which, in addition to the Muhajirin and Ansar, the Jews and polytheists who were living in Medina at that time were also included, with the aim of promoting a united action to deal with internal and external threats without discrimination of religion and nation.
This agreement is called the Pact of Medina. In the same year, in the month of Shawwal, Hazrat Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) (who had been married before him) passed away. In that year, he sent two expeditions. An expedition is a group of jihad in which he did not participate himself, but rather appointed one of his companions (may Allah be pleased with him) as the leader of the group, whether the war was imminent or not, and it is not necessary that the group was sent with the intention of war.
Expeditions and Letters of Invitation
In 2 AH, five expeditions were conducted. An expedition is a small or large army in which the Holy Prophet (PBUH) participated, whether or not there was a war in this journey, and whether or not there was any other purpose for this expedition. The expedition of Abu Ajas is also called the expedition of Wadan.
The expedition of Buwat, the expedition of Badr the Great, the expedition of Bani Qaynuqa, the expedition of Suwayd. The most important of the expeditions of this year is the expedition of Badr, which took place on the 18th of Ramadan at the place of Badr (which is 80 miles away from Medina).
Until now, Muslims used to pray facing towards the Holy Mosque. At the request of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), during the noon prayer of the 15th of Shaban 2 AH, Allah Almighty commanded the Muslims to pray facing towards the Holy Mosque. In the same year, fasting was made obligatory on the first day of Ramadan, and he led the Eid prayer on the first day of Shawwal, and in the sermon of Abdul Fitr, he ordered the people to give Sadaqat al-Fitr.
In 3 AH, three battles took place: the Battle of Ghatafan, the Battle of Uhud, and the Battle of Hamra al-Asad and the second one was launched. The Battle of Uhud is the most important battle of this year, which took place in the month of Shawwal. In the month of Shaban, Hazrat Hafsa (may Allah be pleased with her) married him, and in the same year, Hazrat Zainab bint Khuzaymah (may Allah be pleased with her) also became his wife.
The elimination of the Jew Ka’b bin Ashraf, the initial prohibition of usury, the initial prohibition of alcohol and the detailed laws of inheritance, including the rights of orphans and spouses, were also revealed in this year. In 4 AH, two campaigns took place: the Battle of Banu Andir, the Battle of Badr Sughra, and four expeditions were sent out.
Early in that year, the Prophet’s wife, Hazrat Zainab bint Khuzaymah (may Allah be pleased with her) (who had married him only four months earlier) passed away. The command to cover the face was revealed on Friday, the 1st of Dhul-Qa’dah, and the complete prohibition of alcohol was also given in that year. Hazrat Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) also married him in the month of Jumada al-Thani that year.
In the year 5 AH, four battles took place: the Battle of Dhaat-e-Riqa, the Battle of Dumat al-Jandal, the Battle of Marisa, also known as the Battle of Banu al-Mustaliq, and the Battle of Khandaq, which is more famous and important. The command to perform tayammum was revealed upon returning from the Battle of Banu al-Mustaliq. In the same year, in the month of Sha’ban, Hazrat Juwayriya (may Allah be pleased with her) married the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and in the same year, Hazrat Zainab bint Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with her) also became his wife.
In the year 6 AH, three battles took place: the Battle of Banu al-Hayan, the Battle of Ghabah (also known as Dhi Qara), the Battle of Hudaybiyah (also known as the Treaty of Hudaybiyah), and eleven expeditions were also sent. In the middle of the same year, Hazrat Umm Habiba (may Allah be pleased with her) married the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and towards the end of the same year, Hazrat Maria Qobtiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) also married Hazrat Khalid bin Walid (may Allah be pleased with him) and Hazrat Amr bin Al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) also embraced Islam in the same year.
Also in that year, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) wrote letters of invitation to the kings and conveyed them to them through his companions (may Allah be pleased with them).
He sent Wahiyyah Al-Kalbi (may Allah be pleased with him) to the king of Rome named Har Qul, Hazrat Abdullah bin Hudhafa (may Allah be pleased with him) to Kisra Khusraw Parvez Kaj Kalah in Iran, and Hatib bin Abi Balta’ah (may Allah be pleased with him) to the Sultan of Egypt and Alexandria (Maqwqis) and Amr bin Al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) to the kings of Oman, namely Jafar and Abdullah.
In 7 AH, there was only one battle of Khaybar and five caravans were sent by the Prophet (peace be upon him). After the battle of Khaybar, early in the same year, the Prophet (peace be upon him) married Hazrat Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with him and towards the end of the same year, Hazrat Maimuna (may Allah be pleased with her) also came to his marriage. In the same year, the Prophet (peace be upon him) performed the Umrah that had been omitted in the Treaty of Hudaybiyah.
Four major battles took place in 8 AH. The Battle of Mu’tah, the Conquest of Mecca, the Battle of Hunayn, the Battle of Ta’if and ten caravans were sent by the Prophet (peace be upon him). Abu Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him), who had been an enemy of the Muslims until then, embraced Islam in that year.
In the year 1670, the Battle of Tabuk took place and he sent three envoys… On his return from the Battle of Tabuk, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) ordered the burning of the mosque of Zarar (where the hypocrites used to gather and consult against Islam and the Muslims).
Inspired by the spread of Islam throughout the world, the following delegations presented themselves to him in that year with the intention of accepting Islam: the delegation of Thaqif, the delegation of Banu Fazarah, the delegation of Banu Tamim, the delegation of Kindah, the delegation of Banu Abdul Qays, the delegation of Banu Hanifa, the delegation of Banu Qahtan, the delegation of Banu Al-Harith. In the same year, a delegation of Christians consisting of sixty people, known as the delegation of Najran, met him in Medina. When these people did not believe, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) ordered them to pay the jizya and wrote a peace treaty for them.
In 10 AH, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) sent only two caravans, and in the same year he performed the Farewell Hajj with more than one hundred thousand Muslims, and the number of Muslims who were not on Hajj that year was many times greater.
The Last Moments of his Life
After the Hajj journey in 11 AH, on Monday, 26 Safar 11 AH, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) prepared a contingent for the Jihad of Rome, which included great men like Hazrat Siddiq Akbar (RA), Hazrat Farooq Azam (RA) and Hazrat Abu Ubaidah (RA); But Hazrat Usama (may Allah be pleased with him) was appointed as its commander.
This was the last army, which was managed by the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). The army had not yet set out when on 28/Safar 11 AH, he (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) developed a fever. When his illness became long and severe, he (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) took permission from his wives (may Allah be pleased with them) and stayed at the house of Aisha (may Allah be pleased with them) during the last days of his illness. Gradually, the illness worsened to the point that he (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) could not even go to the mosque. In such a situation, the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Tell Siddiq Akbar (may Allah be pleased with him) to lead the prayer. This fever continued for about thirteen consecutive days.
On 12/Rabi’ul-Awwal, Monday, at noon, the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) raised his hand and said with a pure tongue, “Allahumma al-Rafiq al-A’la” (O Allah, the Most High, the Most High), and the spirit of light flew from his pure body and reached the world of Quds. According to the lunar year, at that time, he (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was 63 years and four days old.
