عن أبی عبد الرحمٰن عبد اللّٰہ بن عمر بن الخطّاب قال:سمعت رسول اللّٰہ ﷺ یقول:((بنی الاسلام علیٰ خمس :شھادۃ ان لاّ ا لٰہ الّا اللّٰہ وانّ محمّدا رسول اللّٰہ ،واقام الصّلٰوۃ،وایتاء الزّکوٰۃ،وحجّ البیت ،وصوم رمضان))[رواہ البخاری ومسلم]
It was narrated from Abu Abdur Rahman Abdullah bin Umar bin Al-Khattab that he said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: “Islam is based on five things: testifying that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad (ﷺ) is the Messenger of Allah, establishing prayer, paying zakat, performing Hajj to the House, and fasting in Ramadan.”
The first pillar of Islam: Confession of Monotheism and Prophethood
The first pillar of Islam consists of two parts. The first part is called “Tawheed”. It means confessing with the heart and tongue that there is no true god except Allah, He is the One who fulfills needs and removes difficulties. He is the owner of life and death. He is the giver of children, the one who provides sustenance and the one who is the owner of profit and loss. Only He is the Almighty, all others are helpless servants. No prophet, saint, angel or saint is a partner or companion of Allah in His essence or attributes, rights and actions. He is as unique in His essence as in His attributes. Contrary to Tawheed, belief is called Shirk.
The second part of the first pillar of Islam is called “Risalat”. Its meaning is that Allah Almighty has sent prophets and messengers in every era to guide humanity. This chain began with Sayyiduna Adam and Muhammad (peace be upon him) is the last link in this chain. He came as a prophet and messenger for all mankind until the Day of Judgment. After him, no prophet or messenger will come until the Day of Judgment. If anyone claims prophethood or messengership, he is a liar, an antichrist, and anyone who believes in him is an infidel, an apostate.
The Second Pillar of Islam: Iqamah Salat (Prayer)
After reciting the Kalima, the first duty of a Muslim is to pray. The importance of prayer is greatly emphasized in Islam. The Quran commands hundreds of times to pray. And in dozens of places, prayer has been declared a sign of the believers. On the Day of Judgment, prayer will be the first thing that will be brought to account. If a person succeeds in the question of prayer, he will succeed in all other questions. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) has declared prayer to be the dividing line between Islam and disbelief. In fact, he emphasized prayer so much that he said: “When a child is seven years old, teach him to pray. If he is ten years old and he is lax in prayer, punish him.” [Abu Dawood: 494].
The Commander of the Faithful, Hazrat Umar Farooq, has said: “The one who does not pray has nothing to do with Islam.” [Mu’ta: 45] The word “Iqamah” has been used in the Holy Quran and the blessed Hadiths for prayer. The meaning of Iqamah is not only to pray, but to perform the prayer with commitment, complete manners and conditions, always with strictness, in congregation and according to the Sunnah method.
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The third pillar of Islam: Zakat
The literal meaning of Zakat is to cultivate and purify. Allah Almighty has made it obligatory on those who are in a position of power to spend a certain portion of their wealth in the way of Allah. So that wealth continues to circulate and the love of wealth does not take root in the hearts of the wealthy. Also, the poor, destitute and needy members of society should be helped. Whoever has the Nisab should distribute the portion determined by Allah Almighty and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) among the people they have designated. For example, whoever owns seven and a half tolas of gold or fifty-two and a half tolas of silver. After the end of a year, he is obliged to pay one fortieth of this wealth as Zakat. Similarly, if someone has forty goats throughout the year, then he is obliged to pay one goat as Zakat after the end of the year. Similarly, there is a separate Nisab for cows, camels, etc. Ushr and Sadaqat-ul-Fitr, etc. are also types of Zakat.
The Fourth Pillar of Islam: Fasting in Ramadan
Muslims are required to fast during the month of Ramadan throughout the year. Fasting is obligatory on every sane, adult, healthy and conscious Muslim man and woman. Fasting is the act of abstaining from food and drink and controlling one’s desires from dawn to sunset. Fasting makes a person pious and self-controlled. Travelers and the sick are allowed to break their fast, but they must make up for those fasts after Ramadan. Fasting has great virtues and rewards. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Whoever fasts out of faith, seeking reward from Allah, all his previous sins will be forgiven.” [Bukhari, Muslim] Fasting develops feelings of patience, tolerance and compassion for the poor. Fasting also has countless medical benefits.
The Fifth Pillar of Islam: Hajj
Anyone who is able to afford the journey to the House of Allah, i.e., after fulfilling all the needs of his family and dependents, must go to the House of Allah during the days of Hajj and perform the related rituals. Hajj includes donning the state of Ihram, circumambulating the House of Allah, performing the Sa’i between Safa and Marwa, cutting his hair, visiting Mina, staying at Arafat and Muzdalifah, etc. Hajj has many rewards. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “The reward for an accepted Hajj is Paradise.” [Agreed upon] In another hadith, he said: “After performing Hajj, a person becomes pure from sins as if he had been born today.” [Agreed upon]
Hazrat Ali said: “Whoever does not perform Hajj despite his ability and strength, even if he dies as a Jew or a Christian, it is not possible for him to end his Islam.” Hazrat Umar Farooq says: I intend to send my agents to the corners of the country to find out those people who do not perform Hajj despite their ability, so that I can impose Jizya on them. Such people are not Muslims, these people are not Muslims.
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