Rights of other nations and religions in Islam
This propaganda is being done with great force that Islam and its followers are not tolerant of people of other religions. This is misleading propaganda, it has nothing to do with reality, and it is part of a global conspiracy to defame Islam and Muslims. The fact is that Islam is a religion of mercy, its love and mercy encompasses all humanity. Islam has strongly urged its followers to treat other nations and religions with equality, compassion, mercy and tolerance, and that they should not be treated with any kind of abuse, discrimination or discrimination in the Islamic system of government. Their lives and property, honor and dignity, property and human rights should be protected. The Quran says:لَایَنْہٰکُمُ اللّٰہُ عَنِ الَّذِیْنَ لَمْ یُقَاتِلُوْکُمْ فِیْ الدِّیْنِ وَلَمْ یُخْرِجُوْکُمْ مِنْ دِیَارِکُمْ اَنْ تَبَرُّوْہُمْ وَتُقْسِطُوْا اِلَیْہِمْ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ یُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِیْن (الممتحنہ:۸)
Allah does not forbid you from dealing with those who have not fought for religion and have not driven you out of your homes, that you should be kind and just to them. Indeed, Allah loves those who are just.
In his commentary on this verse, Hazrat Allama Shabbir Ahmad Usmani (may Allah have mercy on him) writes: There were some people in Mecca who did not become Muslims and did not show any hostility or hostility towards those who became Muslims, nor did they fight them in matters of religion, nor did they help the oppressors in persecuting and expelling them.
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Islam does not prevent you from treating such non-Muslims with kindness and good character. When they treat you with kindness and tolerance, justice demands that you also treat them well and show the world how high the standard of Islamic morality is. The teaching of Islam is not that if a nation of non-Muslims is at war with Muslims, then you should start beating all non-Muslims with the same stick indiscriminately, as doing so would be against wisdom and justice. (Note: Translation by Sheikh al-Hind: p. 729)
The Islamic principle of cooperation and non-cooperation with people of other religions is that in common social and political issues and matters, including From a Sharia perspective, there is no prohibition against sharing and cooperating, and they should be supported.
The Islamic principle of cooperation and non-cooperation with people of other religions is that one should cooperate with them in common social and political issues and transactions, in which there is no prohibition from the Sharia point of view in cooperation and cooperation.
Even if some people of other religions or nations have strong enmity and hostility towards Muslims, Islam has taught tolerance towards them: The divine guidance is:
Repay evil with good, then the person with whom you have enmity will become your warm supporter.(Surah Fussilat: 24).
Treating the infidels of Mecca well
What was the injustice that the infidels and polytheists did to the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and his companions in Mecca? He (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was called a magician, a poet and a soothsayer, he (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was physically and mentally tortured, stones and pebbles were thrown at him, thorns were placed on his path, he (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was strangled, a camel’s neck was placed on him while he was praying, plans were made to kill him (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).
He (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was besieged in Shu’b Abi Talib for three years. During this time, he had to live on acacia leaves. He was severely tortured in Ta’if. People abused him (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and beat him so much that his (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) sandals were covered in blood.
He (peace be upon him) was forced to migrate from Mecca. When he (peace be upon him) went to Medina, he was not allowed to live there in peace and security. And various attacks continued, and a planned campaign was launched against the Prophet (peace be upon him) and the Muslims in collaboration with the Jews.
On the occasion of the conquest of Mecca, the infidels of Mecca saw death in front of them, they were afraid that today their persecution would be taken away, the ruler of the worlds (peace be upon him) addressed them and said: O Quraysh! What do you expect, what will I do with you at this time? They replied: We have good hopes, you are a generous and honorable brother and the son of a generous and honorable brother. He said:
I say to you what Joseph (peace be upon him) said to his brothers: there is no blame on you today; Go, all of you, be free.” (Zad al-Ma’arij: 1/424).
Good treatment of Jews
Different tribes of Jews lived in Medina. After the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) migrated to Medina, the Jews initially remained neutral and silent, but after that they could not hide their enmity and hostile attitude towards Islam, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and the Muslims for long.
They made secret conspiracies to harm the government of the two worlds (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and the Muslims in every possible way, planned rebellions, poisoned the food of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and thought of ways to martyr him (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).
They did not let any opportunity to harm Islam and the Muslims go to waste. One reason for this was the jealousy, narrow-mindedness, rigidity and prejudice found among the Jews. The other was their false beliefs, vile morals and filthy nature. But be sacrificed for the mercy of Allah. On the scholar, may God bless him and grant him peace, that he, May God bless him and grant him peace, displayed the highest morals towards them.
After arriving in Medina, the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) made an important agreement with the Jews so that good relations could be established between Muslims and Jews, and both would treat each other with tolerance and help each other in times of difficulty. Some of the provisions of the agreement were as follows:
1- All Jews would enjoy the same rights of citizenship as they enjoyed before Islam.
2- Muslims would treat all people with friendliness.
3- If a Muslim is killed by a Yathribite, his blood will be taken from the murderer’s heirs, subject to their consent.
4- If a person from the inhabitants of Medina commits a serious crime, his family and relatives will not be affected by his punishment.
5- The Jews will help the Muslims when the opportunity arises, and the Muslims will help the Jews.
6- None of the allies will lie to their allies.
7- The oppressed and the oppressed will be helped, regardless of their nationality.
8- If a foreign enemy attacks the Jews, their help will be obligatory on the Muslims.
9- The Jews will have religious freedom.
10- If any Muslim commits injustice or excess, the Muslims will punish him.
11- The Jews of Banu Awf will be counted among the Muslims.
12- Whenever a case arises between the Jews and the Muslims, the Messenger of Allah will decide it.
13- This covenant will never favor any oppressor or wrongdoer. (Sirah Ibn Hisham: pp. 501-504)
You have seen how generously and justly the Jews have been given equal rights in this agreement.
The Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) continued to treat the Jews according to this agreement, but the Jews did not abide by this agreement, helped the polytheists of Mecca against the Muslims and always persecuted Islam and the Muslims.
Good treatment of Christians
The Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) also treated the Christians with exemplary tolerance. A distinguished delegation from “Najran”, located between Mecca and Yemen, came to the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him). He lodged them in the mosque and they discussed religious matters with the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him). On this occasion, a historic agreement was signed with the Christians, in which it was agreed to grant various rights to the Christians. The provisions of the agreement are as follows:
(1) Their lives will be safe.
(2) Their land, property and wealth, etc. will remain in their possession.
(3) No change will be made in any of their religious systems. Religious officials will remain in their positions.
(4) Crusaders and women will not be harmed.
(5) Nothing they own will be seized.
(6) Military service will not be required from them.
(7) Tithes will not be taken from their produce.
(8) No army will be sent to their country.
(9) Full justice will be done in their affairs and cases.
(10) No injustice will be done to them.
(11) Usury will not be allowed.
(12) No uncommitted sin will be taken as a punishment for a criminal.
(13) No cruel torture will be inflicted. (Deen of Mercy: 239, quoting: Fatuah al-Buldan bilathuri)
No government can grant more rights than the above-mentioned rights that Islam has granted to other nations and subjects.
The Islamic view of non-Muslims living in an Islamic state is that they are under the protection of Allah and His Messenger, which is why they are called dhimmis. Islamic law is that if there is any injustice done to non-Muslims (dhimmis) who are under the responsibility of Muslims, it is obligatory on Muslims to defend them just as it is obligatory on Muslims to repel it if there is injustice done to Muslims themselves. (Al-Mabsut al-Sarkhsi:1/85).
Good treatment of hypocrites
A class of self-interested people had also emerged in Medina, who had accepted faith with their tongues but whose hearts were completely devoid of faith and certainty. Seeing the growing influence of Islam, these people had apparently sided with the Muslims. They had strong hatred, malice and jealousy towards the Muslims.
Their leader was Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul. He was an influential man in Medina, and before the arrival of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) to Medina, the people of Medina were preparing to make him their ruler. After the migration of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), his aspirations were dashed.
Despite declaring himself a Muslim, he remained an infidel at heart. The hypocrites tried their best to create division among the Muslims, insulted the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and conspired with the infidels and Jews to harm Islam and the Muslims. Despite all this mischief and hostility, the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and the Muslims treated him with good manners and tolerance.
The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) also led the funeral prayer of Abdullah bin Ubayy. At the request of his son, he offered his blessed robe for his shroud.
Rights of Non-Muslim Subjects (Dhimmis) in Islamic Government
Islam came as a symbol of mercy and compassion for all human beings and classes, therefore it has treated non-Muslim nations and subjects with exemplary mercy and compassion, equality and tolerance, and for the first time in human history, it has granted them social and national rights that no religion or civilization has ever granted to people of other religions and civilizations.
Islam has guaranteed the protection of life, property, honor and dignity, and religious freedom for non-Muslims residing in an Islamic state. And it has obliged the rulers to treat them equally with Muslims. The Islamic concept of these non-Muslim subjects (dhimmis) is that they are under the protection of Allah and His Messenger. Therefore, it is Islamic law that if there is any injustice against non-Muslims who are under the responsibility of Muslims, then it is obligatory for Muslims to defend them just as if there is injustice against Muslims themselves, then it is obligatory for them to repel it. (Mabsut Saraksi: 1/85)
If a Muslim oppresses a dhimmi, then it is more severe than oppressing a Muslim. (Darmukhtar Ma’r Radd al-Muhtar: 5/396)
The rights that Muslims enjoy are the same rights that dhimmis also enjoy, and the obligations that Muslims have are the same obligations that dhimmis have. The blood of the dhimmis is as safe as the blood of the Muslims, and their property is as safe as our property. (Darmukhtar, Kitab al-Jihad)
Islam has decreed that whoever kills a non-Muslim with whom a treaty has been made will be deprived of the kiss of Paradise, while the fragrance of Paradise reaches a distance of forty years. (Hadith Sharif: Ibn Kathir: 2/289).
The protection of the property and assets of the dhimmis is also the responsibility of the Islamic government
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Whoever oppresses a non-Muslim, or reduces his rights, or imposes on him more than he can bear, or takes anything from him without his consent, I will be his claimant on the Day of Judgment.” (Mishkat Sharif: p. 354)
Non-Muslim subjects enjoyed so much freedom that their educational institutions were free and the courts were also free for their personal laws.
The rights granted to dhimmis in Islam have been explained in detail in the Treaty of the People of Najran.
Islamic instructions regarding those who wage war against Muslims:
In Mecca, the infidels were committing atrocities against the Muslims, their lives were ruined, they were being harassed in every way, even after migrating from Mecca to Abyssinia and then to Medina, they did not find peace, and they were victims of the joint conspiracies of the infidels, the Jews and the hypocrites. A Jarrar army invaded Medina with the intention of plundering and plundering Medina and annihilating the Muslims.
In this desperate situation, there was no choice but to fight with sword. Therefore, Allah Almighty gave permission to the Muslims to fight and said: “The command has been given to those with whom the disbelievers fight, because they were wronged. And Allah is Able to help those who were driven out of their homes and had no claim except that they said, ‘Our Lord is Allah.'” (Surah Al-Hajj: Verse 39)
Jihad was permitted to combat oppression and injustice, and it also taught tolerance and good morals towards the people who were fighting, which is not found in any other religion. Therefore, the following instructions are given in this regard:
(1) It prohibited the individual from taking the lead in war (Al-Baqarah: 191)
(2) It prohibited oppression and excess (Al-Baqarah: 190)
(3) It permitted war only until the time when sedition and corruption subside (Hajj: 139)
(4) It gave peace to the enemy’s messengers (Hidayah and An-Nahiyah: 3/47)
(5) It prohibited the killing of the enemy’s women, children, and the disabled (Tarikh Ibn Khaldun: 2/489)
(6) It prohibited the cutting of green fields and fruit trees (Tarikh Ibn Khaldun: 2/489)
(7) He prohibited the infliction of pain on prisoners of war.
(8) If the enemy, seeing himself weak, requests peace, he is instructed to accept it.
(09)He emphasized the need to give peace to non-Muslims who seek refuge and to keep them safe. (Surah At-Tawbah: 1).
